There is a very fine line with toning pictures. Software programs that most photographers use on a daily basis allow them to do some pretty crazy things. I went to journalism school right at the start of the digital age and essentially the end of using film on a daily basis. We mostly shot film, used a minilab to develop the film, and then scanned them into the computer and used a program like photoshop to slightly adjust the pictures.
There is also a gray area about what is ethical and what isn't. There are the biggies that are fundamental--like cloning someone/something in or out of your frame. But to me the big part of ethics has to do with intention and misleading. Statements like "If I can do it in a darkroom, it's okay" or "This is what the scene looked like to me" aren't good enough reasons. I've seen what used to be done in a darkroom ---and you can do some pretty drastic things.
This is why for me it comes down to the intent of the photographer, and whether or not it misleads the reader.
These two pictures were shot by a former intern at my paper. It recently ran in a national photo magazine. And while talking to one of our younger photographers about the toning and light in the photograph we happened to do an archive search and discovered the former intern shot the picture during his internship for the paper. (The picture also didn't credit the Seattle Times, which is a violation of the copyright---but that's a different post. For the record, I did receive proper permission from the true copyright holder to use the pictures on my blog.)
Above is how the picture ran in PDN magazine. We scanned it in directly from the magazine and did nothing else to it. If you think it looks weird and drastic, well, that is because it does. But if you want to see it for yourself, it ran in March's PDN magazine as part of the top 30 photographers under 30. It won a CPOY award in 2005 and was part of a portfolio that also placed that same year.
Above is how the picture was shot. This is how it looks in our archive and how it was published in our paper.
So, do I have a problem with this? I sure do. To me, it is misleading. The newly toned picture looks flashed or looks like it was shot outside during a night football game. Not inside a well-lit dome it was shot in. The background is blackened out. And frankly, this new dramatic lighting changes the entire mood of the picture. The reader walks away with a different feeling.
As I mentioned, we discovered the toning/copyright issue when talking to a younger photographer who was curious about limits and what is allowed and what isn't. If one of our photographers turned a photo like this in while shooting for us, there would be severe consequences. But yet photojournalists are doing it all over the world and being rewarded for their work. This photographer received national attention---both by placing in CPOY and then in PDN with this photograph. What message does this send to photographers that are doing good work that is honest and straight-up? And how do we help photographers think about what they are trying to say with a picture IN the camera and not afterwards using a computer?
I don't have all the answers. But newspapers are facing a difficult time and I feel it is important to have pictures that are honest and tell important stories---correctly. We owe the readers that much and frankly they should expect that level of integrity from us.